A peptide encoded inside mitochondrial DNA, studied as an exercise-mimetic signal tied to energy use and insulin sensitivity.
More even daily energy; better exercise recovery and endurance; improved metabolic “feel” (including modest fasting glucose improvements in some); cleaner energy utilization.
No completed human trial of MOTS-c itself exists. The human data belong to CB4211, a modified analogue: a phase 1a/1b programme in 88 people, at 0.2 to 3.0 mg/kg/day for a week, then 25 mg daily for four weeks in obese NAFLD patients. Work on MOTS-c itself is observational - it is measured in blood as a marker that rises with exercise, not given as a drug. A phase 2a trial of the peptide began in February 2026 and has no results yet.
An average dose looks like:
10 mg vial + 2 mL water = 5,000 mcg/mL
2.5 mg → 0.50 mL · 50 units
That figure is one person’s at that exact reconstitution — not a community average, not a clinical dose. A different vial size or water volume changes the draw entirely.
| MOTS-c | 1 mL water | 2 mL water | 3 mL water | 5 mL water |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 mg vial | 10,000 mcg/mL | 5,000 mcg/mL | 3,333 mcg/mL | 2,000 mcg/mL |
| One unit (0.01 mL) | 100 mcg | 50 mcg | 33 mcg | 20 mcg |
Concentration = vial contents ÷ water added. It is the same compound at every volume — more water only means a weaker solution, larger syringe marks that are easier to read, and a larger injection volume. On a standard U-100 insulin syringe, one unit is 0.01 mL at any barrel size.
Education only. This page is educational. Most compounds referenced are not approved for human use, and a "research use only" label carries no legal status of its own.
Reported, not established. Any figure shown is a reported personal reference at the reconstitution stated — not a community average, not a clinical dose, and not necessarily right for anyone else's body, goals, or product.
Blank is deliberate. Where no figure appears, there is no personal reference to give. We would rather say nothing than imply confidence that isn't there.
Not medical advice. Nothing here constitutes medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Several of these are prescription medicines in Canada and the US, and several are approved nowhere at all. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before beginning any protocol.